diff --git a/server/controllers/CollectionCtl.ts b/server/controllers/CollectionCtl.ts
index 4f6f6e0..10bf36a 100644
--- a/server/controllers/CollectionCtl.ts
+++ b/server/controllers/CollectionCtl.ts
@@ -1,46 +1,50 @@
 import createError from "http-errors";
 import { ICollection } from "../schemas";
 import { Collection } from "../models/collection";
+import { StatusCode } from "../util/types";
+import ControllerResponse from "../util/ControllerResponse";
 const CollectionInstance = new Collection();
 
 export default class CollectionCtl {
     async getOne(id: number | string) {
         const result = await CollectionInstance.getOne(id);
-        if (!result) throw createError('404', 'Collection not found');
-        return result;
+
+        const ok: boolean = result !== null;
+        const code: StatusCode = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+        const data: string | ICollection = result || "No collection found with this ID";
+        return new ControllerResponse(code, data);
     }
 
     async getAll() {
         const result = await CollectionInstance.getAll();
-        if (!result) throw createError('404', 'No collections found');
-        return result;
+        const ok = result !== null;
+        const code = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+        const data = result || "No collections found"
+        return new ControllerResponse(code, data);
     }
 
     async getUserDefault(id: number | string) {
         const result = await CollectionInstance.getUserDefault(id);
-        if (!result) throw createError('404', "No default collection found. Contact an admin, this isn't supposed to happen");
-        return result;
+        const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+        const data = result || "No default collection found"
+        return new ControllerResponse(code, data);
     }
     
-    async post(data: ICollection) {
-        const result = await CollectionInstance.post(data);
-        if (!result) throw createError('400', 'Bad request');
-        return result;
+    async post(body: ICollection) {
+        const result = await CollectionInstance.post(body);
+        const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.NewContent : StatusCode.BadRequest;
+        const data = result || "Something went wrong"
+        return new ControllerResponse(code, data);
     }
 
     async getSubscriptions(userid: number | string) {
         const result = await CollectionInstance.getSubscriptions(userid);
-        if (!result) throw createError('404', 'No subscriptions found');
-        return result;
+        const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NoContent;
+        return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "No subscriptions found"));
     }
 
     async postSubscription(collectionid: number | string, userid: number | string) {
-        const { ok, code, data } = await CollectionInstance.postSubscription(collectionid, userid);
-        
-        if (ok) {
-            return data;
-        } else {
-            throw createError(code, data as string);
-        }
+        const { code, data } = await CollectionInstance.postSubscription(collectionid, userid);
+        return new ControllerResponse(code, data);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/server/controllers/CourseCtl.ts b/server/controllers/CourseCtl.ts
index 3bcc99b..a44beff 100644
--- a/server/controllers/CourseCtl.ts
+++ b/server/controllers/CourseCtl.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 import createError from 'http-errors';
 import { ICourse } from '../schemas';
 import Course from '../models/course';
+import ControllerResponse from '../util/ControllerResponse';
+import { StatusCode } from '../util/types';
 const CourseInstance = new Course();
 
 export default class CourseCtl {
     async getAll() {
         try {
             const result = await CourseInstance.getAll();
-            if (!result) throw createError('404', 'No cuisines found');
-            return result;
+            const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "No course data found"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -17,8 +19,8 @@ export default class CourseCtl {
     async getOne(id: string) {
         try {
             const result = await CourseInstance.getOne(id);
-            if (!result) throw createError('404', 'No cuisine found with id ' + id);
-            return result;
+            const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "No course found with this ID"))
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -27,8 +29,8 @@ export default class CourseCtl {
     async post(data: ICourse) {
         try {
             const result = await CourseInstance.post(data);
-            if (!result) throw createError('400', 'Bad request');
-            return result;
+            const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.NewContent : StatusCode.BadRequest;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "Something went wrong"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/controllers/GroceryListCtl.ts b/server/controllers/GroceryListCtl.ts
index 6008a98..6a17184 100644
--- a/server/controllers/GroceryListCtl.ts
+++ b/server/controllers/GroceryListCtl.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 import createError from "http-errors";
 import { IGroceryList } from "../schemas";
 import { GroceryList } from "../models/groceryList";
+import { StatusCode } from "../util/types";
+import ControllerResponse from "../util/ControllerResponse";
 const GroceryInstance = new GroceryList();
 
 export default class GroceryListCtl {
     async getAll() {
         try {
             const result = await GroceryInstance.getAll();
-            if (!result) throw createError('404', 'No results found');
-            return result;
+            const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "No grocery list data found"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -17,8 +19,8 @@ export default class GroceryListCtl {
     async getOne(id: string) {
         try {
             const result = await GroceryInstance.getOne(id);
-            if (!result) throw createError('404', 'No results found');
-            return result;
+            const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "No grocery list data found with this ID"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -27,8 +29,8 @@ export default class GroceryListCtl {
     async getByUserID(userid: string) {
         try {
             const result = await GroceryInstance.getByUserID(userid);
-            if (!result) throw createError('404', 'No results found');
-            return result;
+            const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "No grocery list data found matching this user ID"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -37,8 +39,8 @@ export default class GroceryListCtl {
     async post(data: IGroceryList) {
         try {
             const result = await GroceryInstance.post(data);
-            if (!result) throw createError('400', 'Bad request');
-            return result;
+            const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.NewContent : StatusCode.BadRequest;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "Something went wrong"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -47,8 +49,8 @@ export default class GroceryListCtl {
     async put(id: string, data: IGroceryList) {
         try {
             const result = await GroceryInstance.put(id, data);
-            if (!result) throw createError('400', 'Bad request');
-            return result;
+            const code = (result !== null) ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.BadRequest;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "Something went wrong"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/controllers/IngredientCtl.ts b/server/controllers/IngredientCtl.ts
index 45eb32c..04ae1d6 100644
--- a/server/controllers/IngredientCtl.ts
+++ b/server/controllers/IngredientCtl.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { IIngredient } from "../schemas";
 import { Ingredient } from "../models/ingredient";
 import ControllerResponse from "../util/ControllerResponse";
+import { StatusCode } from "../util/types";
 const IngredientInstance = new Ingredient();
 
 export default class IngredientCtl {
@@ -8,7 +9,8 @@ export default class IngredientCtl {
         try {
             const result = await IngredientInstance.getAll();
             const ok = result !== null;
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, (ok ? 200 : 404), (ok ? result : "No recipes found"));
+            const code = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "No ingredients found"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -18,7 +20,8 @@ export default class IngredientCtl {
         try {
             const result = await IngredientInstance.getOne(id);
             const ok = result !== null;
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, (ok ? 200 : 404), (ok ? result : "No recipe found with this ID"));
+            const code = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "No ingredient found with this ID"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@ export default class IngredientCtl {
         try {
             const result = await IngredientInstance.post(data);
             const ok = result !== null;
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, (ok ? 201 : 400), (ok ? result : "Something went wrong"));
+            const code = ok ? StatusCode.NewContent : StatusCode.BadRequest;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "Something went wrong"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -38,7 +42,8 @@ export default class IngredientCtl {
         try {
             const result = await IngredientInstance.put(id, data);
             const ok = result !== null;
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, (ok ? 200 : 400), (ok ? result : "Something went wrong"));
+            const code = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.BadRequest;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "Something went wrong"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/controllers/RecipeCtl.ts b/server/controllers/RecipeCtl.ts
index 53315ba..8993989 100644
--- a/server/controllers/RecipeCtl.ts
+++ b/server/controllers/RecipeCtl.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { IRecipe } from "../schemas";
 import { Recipe } from "../models/recipe";
 import ControllerResponse from "../util/ControllerResponse";
+import { StatusCode } from "../util/types";
 const RecipeInstance = new Recipe();
 
 export default class RecipeCtl {
@@ -8,7 +9,8 @@ export default class RecipeCtl {
         try {
             const result = await RecipeInstance.getOneByID(id);
             const ok = result !== null;
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, (ok ? 200 : 404), (ok ? result : "No recipe found with this ID"));
+            const code = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "No recipe found with this ID"));
         } catch (error: any) {
             throw new Error(error);
         }
@@ -18,7 +20,8 @@ export default class RecipeCtl {
         try {
             const result = await RecipeInstance.getAllAuthored(id);
             const ok = result !== null;
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, (ok ? 200 : 404), (ok ? result : "No recipes found authored by user with this ID"));
+            const code = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "No recipes found for this user"));
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -36,7 +39,8 @@ export default class RecipeCtl {
         try {
             const result = await RecipeInstance.updateOneByID(id, data);
             const ok = result !== null;
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, (ok ? 200 : 400), (ok ? result : "Something went wrong"));
+            const code = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.BadRequest;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "Something went wrong"));
         } catch (error: any) {
             throw new Error(error);
         }
@@ -46,7 +50,8 @@ export default class RecipeCtl {
         try {
             const result = await RecipeInstance.post(userid, data);
             const ok = result !== null;
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, (ok ? 201 : 400), (ok ? result : "Something went wrong"));
+            const code = ok ? StatusCode.NewContent : StatusCode.BadRequest;
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, (result || "Something went wrong"));
         } catch (error: any) {
             throw new Error(error);
         }
diff --git a/server/controllers/UserCtl.ts b/server/controllers/UserCtl.ts
index bbe750a..3cd75b3 100644
--- a/server/controllers/UserCtl.ts
+++ b/server/controllers/UserCtl.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export default class UserCtl {
             const data: IUser[] | string = ok ? users! : "No users found.";
             
             // send formatted response with either data or informative error message
-            return new ControllerResponse<IUser[] | string>(ok, code, data)
+            return new ControllerResponse<IUser[] | string>(code, data, ok)
         } catch (error: any) {
             throw new Error(error);
         }
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export default class UserCtl {
             const ok = response !== null;
             const code = ok ? StatusCode.NewContent : StatusCode.BadRequest
             const data = ok ? response : "Bad request"
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, code, data);
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, data);
         } catch (error: any) {
             throw new Error(error);
         }
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export default class UserCtl {
             const ok = user !== null;
             const code = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
             const data = ok ? user : "User by this ID not found";
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, code, data);
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, data);
         } catch (error: any) {
             throw new Error(error);
         }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ export default class UserCtl {
             const ok = result !== null;
             const code = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.BadRequest;
             const data = ok ? result : "Update unsuccessful"
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, code, data);
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, data);
         } catch (error: any) {
             throw new Error(error);
         }
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export default class UserCtl {
             const ok = result !== null
             const code = ok ? StatusCode.OK : StatusCode.NotFound;
             const data = ok ? result : "No friends found"
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, code, data);
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, data);
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export default class UserCtl {
     async getFriendshipByID(id: number | string, userid: number | string) {
         try {
             const { ok, code, result } = await UserInstance.getFriendshipByID(id, userid);
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, code, result);
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, result);
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ export default class UserCtl {
     async getPendingFriendRequests(senderid: string | number) {
         try {
             const { ok, code, result } = await UserInstance.getPendingFriendRequests(senderid);
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, code, result);
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, result);
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export default class UserCtl {
             const ok = result !== null;
             const code = ok ? StatusCode.NewContent : StatusCode.BadRequest;
             const data = ok ? result : "Something went wrong"
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, code, data);
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, data);
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ export default class UserCtl {
     async updateFriendship(id: number | string, userid: number | string, data: { active: boolean, pending: boolean, dateterminated?: string }) {
         try {
             const { ok, code, result } = await UserInstance.updateFriendship(id, userid, data);
-            return new ControllerResponse(ok, code, result);
+            return new ControllerResponse(code, result);
         } catch (e: any) {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/models/collection.ts b/server/models/collection.ts
index d1b9e86..b15f4f1 100644
--- a/server/models/collection.ts
+++ b/server/models/collection.ts
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@ export class Collection {
     async getSubscriptions(userid: number | string) {
         try {
             const sql = fs.readFileSync(appRoot + '/db/sql/get/getsubscriptions.sql').toString();
-            console.log(sql);
             const result = await pool.query(sql, [userid]);
             if (result.rows.length) return result.rows;
             return null;
diff --git a/server/models/recipe.ts b/server/models/recipe.ts
index ccd77cb..6d4b033 100644
--- a/server/models/recipe.ts
+++ b/server/models/recipe.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { IRecipe } from "../schemas";
 import pool from "../db";
 import { CollectionCtl } from "../controllers";
 import now from "../util/now";
+import { CtlResponse } from "../util/types";
 const CollectionInstance = new CollectionCtl();
 
 export class Recipe {
@@ -76,13 +77,18 @@ export class Recipe {
             if (!result.rows.length) return null;
 
             // associate recipe with default collection once created
-            const collection = await CollectionInstance.getUserDefault(userid);
+            const collection: CtlResponse<IRecipe> = await CollectionInstance.getUserDefault(userid);
             const associateToCollection = `
                 INSERT INTO recipin.cmp_recipecollection
                 (recipeid, collectionid)
                 VALUES ($1, $2) RETURNING *
             `
-            const associateResult = await pool.query(associateToCollection, [result.rows[0].id, collection.id]);
+
+            if (typeof collection.data == 'string') {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            const associateResult = await pool.query(associateToCollection, [result.rows[0].id, collection.data.id]);
             if (!associateResult.rows.length) return null;
             
             return { recipe: result.rows[0], collection: associateResult.rows[0] }
diff --git a/server/routes/collection.ts b/server/routes/collection.ts
index 2dd8356..1c1d14a 100644
--- a/server/routes/collection.ts
+++ b/server/routes/collection.ts
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ export const collectionRoute = (app: Express) => {
     router.get('/:id', restrictAccess, async (req, res, next) => {
         const { id } = req.params;
         try {
-            const result = await CollectionInstance.getOne(id);
-            res.status(200).send(result);
+            const { code, data } = await CollectionInstance.getOne(id);
+            res.status(code).send(data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ export const collectionRoute = (app: Express) => {
     // implement is admin on this route
     router.get('/', restrictAccess, async (req, res, next) => {
         try {
-            const result = await CollectionInstance.getAll();
-            res.status(200).send(result);
+            const { code, data } = await CollectionInstance.getAll();
+            res.status(code).send(data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export const collectionRoute = (app: Express) => {
         const data = req.body;
         try {
             const result = await CollectionInstance.post(data);
-            res.status(201).send(result);
+            res.status(result.code).send(result.data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/routes/course.ts b/server/routes/course.ts
index c68b385..5882e2f 100644
--- a/server/routes/course.ts
+++ b/server/routes/course.ts
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ export const courseRouter = (app: Express) => {
 
     router.get('/', async (req, res, next) => {
         try {
-            const result = await CourseInstance.getAll();
-            res.status(200).send(result);
+            const { code, data } = await CourseInstance.getAll();
+            res.status(code).send(data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ export const courseRouter = (app: Express) => {
         const { id } = req.params;
 
         try {
-            const result = await CourseInstance.getOne(id);
-            res.status(200).send(result);
+            const { code, data } = await CourseInstance.getOne(id);
+            res.status(code).send(data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export const courseRouter = (app: Express) => {
 
         try {
             const result = await CourseInstance.post(data);
-            res.status(201).send(result);
+            res.status(result.code).send(result.data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/routes/friend.ts b/server/routes/friend.ts
index 76f5765..701b35c 100644
--- a/server/routes/friend.ts
+++ b/server/routes/friend.ts
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ export const friendRouter = (app: Express) => {
         const { targetid } = req.params;
 
         try {
-            const result = await UserInstance.addFriendship(user.id, targetid);
-            res.status(200).send(result);
+            const { code, data } = await UserInstance.addFriendship(user.id, targetid);
+            res.status(code).send(data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ export const friendRouter = (app: Express) => {
 
         try {
             if (pending) {
-                const result = await UserInstance.getPendingFriendRequests(user.id);
-                res.status(200).send(result);
+                const { code, data } = await UserInstance.getPendingFriendRequests(user.id);
+                res.status(code).send(data);
             } else {
-                const result = await UserInstance.getFriends(user.id);
-                res.status(200).send(result);
+                const { code, data } = await UserInstance.getFriends(user.id);
+                res.status(code).send(data);
             }
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ export const friendRouter = (app: Express) => {
         const { user }: any = req.user;
 
         try {
-            const result = await UserInstance.getFriendshipByID(id, user.id);
-            res.status(200).send(result);
+            const { code, data } = await UserInstance.getFriendshipByID(id, user.id);
+            res.status(code).send(data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ export const friendRouter = (app: Express) => {
         const { user }: any = req.user;
 
         try {
-            const result = await UserInstance.updateFriendship(id, user.id, data);
-            res.status(200).send(result);
+            const response = await UserInstance.updateFriendship(id, user.id, data);
+            res.status(response.code).send(response.data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/routes/groceryList.ts b/server/routes/groceryList.ts
index 12257fd..b5da130 100644
--- a/server/routes/groceryList.ts
+++ b/server/routes/groceryList.ts
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ export const groceryListRoute = (app: Express) => {
 
         try {
             if (userid) {
-                const result = await groceryinstance.getByUserID(userid);
-                res.status(200).send(result);
+                const { code, data } = await groceryinstance.getByUserID(userid);
+                res.status(code).send(data);
             } else {
-                const result = await groceryinstance.getAll();
-                res.status(200).send(result);
+                const { code, data } = await groceryinstance.getAll();
+                res.status(code).send(data);
             }
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ export const groceryListRoute = (app: Express) => {
     router.get('/:id', async (req, res, next) => {
         const { id } = req.params;
         try {
-            const result = await groceryinstance.getOne(id);
-            res.status(200).send(result);
+            const { code, data } = await groceryinstance.getOne(id);
+            res.status(code).send(data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export const groceryListRoute = (app: Express) => {
         const data = req.body;
         try {
             const result = await groceryinstance.post(data);
-            res.status(201).send(result);
+            res.status(result.code).send(result.data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export const groceryListRoute = (app: Express) => {
 
         try {
             const result = await groceryinstance.put(id, data);
-            res.status(200).send(result);
+            res.status(result.code).send(result.data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/routes/index.ts b/server/routes/index.ts
index 591dc0e..1306e00 100644
--- a/server/routes/index.ts
+++ b/server/routes/index.ts
@@ -17,11 +17,15 @@ export const routes = async (app: Express, passport: PassportStatic) => {
     authRoute(app, passport);
     userRoute(app);
     friendRouter(app);
-    cuisineRouter(app);
-    courseRouter(app);
     recipeRoute(app);
+    ingredientRoute(app);
+    
+    // to do: refactor for ctlresponse
     collectionRoute(app);
     subscriptionRoute(app);
-    ingredientRoute(app);
     groceryListRoute(app);
+    courseRouter(app);
+
+    // deprecate?
+    cuisineRouter(app);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/server/routes/recipe.ts b/server/routes/recipe.ts
index 797b147..99b9657 100644
--- a/server/routes/recipe.ts
+++ b/server/routes/recipe.ts
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ export const recipeRoute = (app: Express) => {
         const { id } = req.params;
 
         try {
-            const result = await recipectl.getOne(id);
-            res.status(200).send(result);
+            const { code, data } = await recipectl.getOne(id);
+            res.status(code).send(data);
         } catch(e) {
             next(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/util/ControllerResponse.ts b/server/util/ControllerResponse.ts
index 87fde86..7bdb4ee 100644
--- a/server/util/ControllerResponse.ts
+++ b/server/util/ControllerResponse.ts
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ export default class ControllerResponse<T> implements CtlResponse<T> {
     code: StatusCode
     data: T | string
 
-    constructor(ok: boolean, code: StatusCode, data: T | string) {
-        this.ok = ok
+    constructor(code: StatusCode, data: T | string, ok?: boolean) {
         this.code = code
         this.data = data
+        this.ok = ok || (this.data !== null)
     }
 
     send() {